Women’s Lung Health: Symptoms, Risks and When to Take Action

Women are disproportionately affected by common lung conditions, including asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and lung cancer. These lung diseases in women can impact breathing through airway inflammation, airflow limitation and abnormal cell growth. Key risk factors include smoking, secondhand smoke, air pollution, allergens and respiratory infections.

• Asthma in women: Asthma is a chronic condition that causes inflamed and sensitive airways, leading to symptoms like wheezing, coughing, chest tightness and shortness of breath. Women are more likely than men to have asthma and experience more severe symptoms. Common asthma triggers include allergens, cold air, exercise and tobacco smoke.
• COPD symptoms in women (chronic bronchitis & emphysema): COPD is a progressive lung disease that makes it harder to breathe over time. Chronic bronchitis causes ongoing cough and mucus production, while emphysema damages lung tissue and reduces oxygen exchange. Women are more frequently diagnosed with COPD and may be more susceptible to the effects of smoking and environmental exposures.
• Lung cancer risk in women: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death among women in the United States. It occurs when abnormal lung cells grow uncontrollably. While smoking is the leading cause of lung cancer, non-smokers can also be affected due to factors like secondhand smoke, radon exposure and air pollution.

Take the next step: If you have lung disease symptoms such as a persistent cough, shortness of breath, wheezing or chest discomfort—or if you have a history of smoking or environmental exposure—talk with your provider. Early evaluation of respiratory symptoms can help identify concerns sooner and connect you with the right care for your lung health.